Agate: Its mineral name is chalcedony, a mineral of cryptocrystalline quartz. Its composition is silica, translucent or opaque, and has a glassy luster. The hardness is 6.5-7 Mohs. 2.65. Its colors are: red, yellow, blue, green, white, etc.
Lapis lazuli: Its chemical composition is sodium, aluminum, and sodalite. “青” means its brilliant blue color. “Gold” refers to the Venus produced by the inclusion of pyrite in jade. The colors are unique in blue, dark blue and light blue. Its raw materials are opaque, glass to grease luster, hardness of 5-6 Mohs, specific gravity of 2.7. It is brittle and vulnerable to breakage.
Tourmaline: It is a mineral product. The original stone is a hexagonal transparent cylinder spar. The crystal is short column, long column or needle column. The section is spherical triangle. Different cones are common at both ends of the column. The chemical composition of tourmaline is a salt of silicate. The volume is not much, the hardness is 6.5-7 Mohs, and the specific gravity is 2.9-3.1. Its color is more pink, brittle, acid and alkali resistant, glass luster, transparent or opaque, electrically. Tourmaline is the craft name for tourmaline gemstones. Its high quality can be used as a gemstone, and it is often used as a jade carving material. The colors are pink, light green, pink, light yellow, and the like.
Crystal: It is a quartz crystal that is colorless and transparent and has a prismatic geometry. Its chemical composition is silica and its hardness is Mohs 7. The proportion is 2.5-2.65. It has a glass luster and is not brittle. Acid and alkali resistance is one of the favorite gemstones.
Turquoise: The current process name is "Tropical". It is an opaque mineral with an alkaline phosphate of copper and aluminum. Because of the copper's participation in the composition of the turquoise, the turquoise turns into sky blue and green. It has a soft earthy to waxy luster. The hardness is Mohs 6. The proportion is 2.6-2.8.
Daiyu: It is named after it was produced in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province. Its main component is serpentine, which has a low hardness of 3-4. It is soft and has colors such as light yellow, fresh green, apple green, etc. It is opaque or translucent. Xiuyan jade has a large output and is the most used jade material.
Lantian jade: Produced in Lantian, Shaanxi Province, the main ingredient of Lantian jade is a serpentine petrified diopside, opaque, with green, yellow-green, cyan, black and green. The hardness is about 4.5 with a Mohs.
Nanyang jade: It is also known as Dushan jade. It is produced in Nanyang area of Henan Province. Its composition is mainly calcium aluminum silicate. It is a kind of mineral rock with a specific gravity of 3.29 and a hardness of 6-6.5. Most are opaque or translucent and have a glossy glass.
Nephrite: also known as amphibole, hardness of 6-6.5 Mohs, specific gravity of 2.55-2.65, its main component is the fiber mineral of calcium silicate. The origin of nephrite is the most famous in the harmonious region of China. The color of nephrite is closer to the fat of fat and oil, pure white, delicate and moist. Secondly, nephrite contains a small amount of oxidized metal ions and exhibits colors such as cyan, green and yellow.
Jadeite: commonly known as jadeite, it belongs to the pyroxene type, the main component is sodium aluminum silicate, the hardness is 6.75-7 Moss, the specific gravity is 3.2--3.3. It is prolific in Myanmar, and it is also produced in Yunnan, China. Hard jade has a hard texture, high density and glass luster. Emerald, lavender, apple green, and snow white are the typical colors of pyroxene.
Topaz: It is a yellow jade, subdivided into chestnut yellow, egg yolk, and okra yellow. It is a rare and rare variety in jade. Its pure color is rare.
Jasper: It is dark green jade, mostly flashing yellow, flashing gray or with small black spots.
Green white jade: the color is green and blue, and the white is slightly blue. Its color is from shallow to deep, which is more complicated in jade material and the largest variety.
White jade: white jade, white and flawless, shiny like sheep's oil, white and moist.
He and Yu: Named after the harmony in Xinjiang. It belongs to the hornblende class, with a Mohs hardness of 6-6.5 and a specific gravity of 2.9-3.1. It is divided into two types: mountain jade and seed jade. The structure is characterized by a fibrous shape, and the surface is honed to have an unequal luster. According to the color can be divided into: white jade, topaz, jasper, ink jade, sapphire and other colors. Hefei jade is an important place for ancient jade in China and is the best jade in the world.
Emerald: It is the name of the jewel of the mineral of the pyroxene jadeite. Produced in Myanmar's border area near China, the chemical composition of the jadeite is sodium aluminum silicate, and its hardness is 6.7 to 7.7%, and it has a glass luster. The colors are: green, yellow, red, purple, white, blue and so on. Generally, the red is called 翡, the green is called 翠, and it is called jade. The general jadeite is opaque, but some of the good quality is also close to the transparent body.
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